Vorson



C. A. B. HALVORSON, JR.

ANoDE FOR LuMlNous ARC LAMPS.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 26, 1919.

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, m w l ../...U-., i n ,7., 7 ,ma l .HI 9 ma 2 8 2 AL 2 .2 9 2 m@ V r 9in# w. E ma P ED STATES CROMWELL A. B. HALVORSON, JR., OF LYNN,MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOBJ T GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, A CORPORATION OFNEW YORK.'

ANODE FOR LUMINOUS ARC LAMPS.

Maanen Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 11i, 1922.

To allfwlwm it 'may concern:

Be it known that I, CROMWELL A. B. HAL- voRsoN, Jr., a citizen of theUnited States, residing at Lynn, county of Essex, State ofMassachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inAnodes for Luminous Arc Lamps', of which the following is aspecification.

My invention has reference to an improved anode for luminous arc lamps,which are specifically known as magnetite lamps. In such lamps thecathode (negative electrode) is generally composed of a thin iron shellfilled with a compacted mixture of magnetite, titanium oxide and someother ingredients, while the anode (positive electrode) is now usuallymade of copper 1n a rather heavy iron or mild steel shell. In theoperation of such lamp the cathode is consumed rather promptly, althoughmuch more slowly than a carbon electrode; it furnishes the vapors whichconstitute the luminous arc, and is generally spoken of as the consumingelectrode. The anode is not con# sumed by the electric action but isslowly wasted by oxidation and is spoken of as the non-consumingelectrode; a comparatively short length of it lasts through severalthousand hours of operation. These anodes are made of considerablecross-section, and being of short length, they become scaly' and receivethe powdery, condensed fumes which proceed from the cathode, throughouttheir whole length. As it gradually wastes, the anode must be fed oradjusted toward the cathode, and since it wastes irregularly, it mustfrom time to time be given a partial turnabout its axis. Current issupplied to the anode by a heavy clamp, and this clamp mu'st be loosenedand again tightened when the anode is adjusted, and owing to the scaleand other impurities the clamp makes only poor electrical contact withthe electrode in its new position unless both are scraped. Theclampecontact necessarily embraces the iron shell and the electricalconnection between the latter and the copper core is imaired in courseof time by oxidation creeplng into the inner wall of the shell and theouter surface of the copper.

These and other imperfections of anodes for luminous arc lamps areavoided by my invention in a simple and effective manner. In accordancewith this invention the anode is\comp osed of an iron shell, a coppercore and an .iron stem anchored in the core in axial allgnment with thesame, the core bem flowed by pressure in a cold condition w1th1n theshell and about the butt of the stem, 1n intimate, unchanging contactwith both. With this construction the stem serves as the medium forcarrying'the current to the lamp by any suitable clamp or holder and theelectrode as a whole can be adjusted to or from the cathode and can begiven partial turns to compensate for side b urning without thenecessity of scraping either the stem or the clamp,since both areremoved from the region where scales or other insulating formations canoccur.

In the accompanying drawing, Fig. 1 represents an axial section, partlyin elevation, of my improved anode; Fig. 2 is a vertical section, partlyin elevation, of` a press adapted to the manufacture of the improvedanode, with the anode elements in position to be acted upon; Fig. 3 is alike view, showing the action of the press in completing the anode anddischarging the same, and Fig. 4 is a detail of Fig. 2 upon a somewhaten larged scale.

The improved anode, as most clearly shown 1n Fig. 1, is composed of ashell 10, of lron or mildy steel, a core 11, of copper, and a stem 12,of iron, or mild steel, the stein extending axially from the shell andcore; all these parts are usually cylindrical. One end of the stem isformed. into an expanded cylindrical foot 13, which, together with ashort length of the stem proper, is embedded in the copper core. One endof the shell 10 is partly closed as indicated at 14.', but has aVcircular opening through which the shank of the stem projects; theshell thus assumes the form of a thimble with an opening in the top end.As shown inthe drawing the edge of the opening in the top of thethimble. is chamfered inwardly, as indicated at 15, but this formation,while convenient in the manufacture of the article, is not essential.The copper core material extends not only around the foot of the stem,but also behind the same, so that it fills the thimble-shell completely.As will presently appear, the core is not poured into the thimble as acasting, but is inserted as a cold solid cylindrical body and is thencondensed and expanded within the same by heavy pressure until it iowsnot only within the main body of the shell, but also, and

particularly, around and behind the foot of the stem. This mode ofmaking the article, which is hereinafter more fully described, gives tothe anode characteristics which are peculiar to the same and upon whichthe special utility of the device, largely depends.

he manner of making the improved anode, is illustrated in Figs. 2, 3 and4. Between the follower 16 and the-platform 17 of a hydraulic or othersuitable press, and resting upon the platform, is a heavy framework 18,the upper part of which has a cylindrical bore 19, traversed by a widerectan ular slot 20, in which a heavy slide which il 21 is tted. Thepart of the bore 19, extends above the slot 20, is designed to receivesnugly the loosely and temporarily assembled elements 10, 11, 12, 13of\the anode, which, when the slide 21 is in the slot 20, rest upon theslide, as indicated in Fig. 2. Below the bore 19, the frame 18 is formedwith a wide transverse slot 20', of sullcient height to receive thefinished anode (indicated in dotted lines) when the slide 21 iswithdrawn from the slot 20. The temporary assemblage of the anodeelements within the bore 19 is indicated in F ig. 2, and these elementsare more clearly shown in Fig. 4. It will be seen that in this looseassemblage, the core 11 is formed at its upper end with a cylindricalrecess for the reception of the foot. 13 of the stem 12, and

In this of .a short portion of the latter. condition the upper end vofthe shell is rather wide open and is externally curved toward the stem,while internally it is boldly chamferedl as indicated at 15.

When the elements of the anode are thus assembled the lower part of thecore pro- -ects below the shell as is clearly seen` in ig. 2; this has acertain significance, which will appear further on.

From the main body ofthe follower 16, projects downwardly the removableactuating follower 16'; it is preferably screwed into the body 16, asshown, and is in general outline cylindrical, with an upper portion 22,a lower portion 23 and an intermediate enlarged portion 24. The upperportion of the actuating follower has an axial bore 25 which receivesthe head 26 of a pin 27 and a pressure spring 28, the upper end of whichabuts against a -screw plug 29, while its lower end bears upon the head26 of pin 27. The lower portion of the actuating follower has an axialbore 23 of 'such diameter as to receive and guide the stem 12, in thecourse ofthe making of a finished anode, indicated in Fig. v3.Y Betweenthe two axial bores 23 and 25 is an intermediate axial channel throughwhich the pin 27 projects into the bore 23.

VWhen the slide 21 is in position within the slot 20, and the elementsof the anode have been assembled and rest upon the slide,

end of which comes in contact -with the'v Y lower end of pin 27, whichis now gradually raised against the action of spring 28,-whereby thelfoot 13 of the stem is held at the bottom of the recess 11. As thefollower continues to descend the lower face of the actuating follower23 bears upon the upper edge of the shell ,10, and depresses the same,while at the same time is compressed within the shell and flows intointimate. and forcible contact with the same,

the material of the'core 11 the wall of the recess 11 folding over andowing around the neck between the stem and its foot, until this foot andneck become anchored in the core material. At the same time the lowerend of the core is gradually flattened into a rivet head 30, against thelower edge of the shell, as shown in Figs. v

1 and 3. By this process the shell assumes the thimble form, with-thestem projecting from the same. The slide 21 is now withdrawn from theslot 20, whereby the finished anode is allowed to drop through the bore19 into the space of the slot it is removed in any suitable manner.

While the apparatus for making the mproved anode, and the process ofmaking the anode have here -been minutely described, it should beunderstood that while this apparatus and process have yielded excellentresults, they may be modied in 'many ways without departing from myinvention, which is centered'in the improved anode. The in- 20', fromwhence cold state by .suitable heavy pressure, is the principal andcharacteristic feature of my invention. The formation of the recess 11for the reception of the foot of the stem,-

while convenient, is not absolutely vnecessary; nor is the formation ofthe rivet head 30 essential. In fact, this rivet head is soon consumed,but the great pressurevby which it is formed so intimately joins thecore material with the shell, that these two become cold-welded, andnoslag or fumes can creep in or be formed or deposited between them.

What I claim vas new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of theUnited States, is,-

1. A positive electrode for luminous arc lamps, composed of an ironshell, a stem axially 'extending through the shell, and a copper corecold compacted in the `shell and anchoring the stem.,

2. A positive electrode for luminous arc lamps, composed of an ironshell, an iron stem axially extending through the shell, an anchor-foot'formed on the stem located within the shell, and a copper core coldcompacted in the shell and ar'ound the anchorfoot.

3. A positive 4e1e :tr; de.for luminous are lamps, composed of an ironshell, an iron stem axially extending through the shell, an anchor-footformed on the stem located Within the shell, and a copper core lillingthe shell and cold Welded to the inner Wall ot the same and to the :tootof the stem.

4e. A positive electrode for luminous are lamps7 composed of an ironthimble shell, a stem axially extending from the shell through thethimble end of the same, and a copper core cold compacted in the shelland anchoring the stem.

5. A positive electrode for luminous arc lamps, composed of an ironthimble shell,

an iron stem axially extending from the shell through the thimble end,an anchorfoot Jformed on the stem located Within the shell, and a coppercore cold compacted in the shell and around the anchor-foot.

6. A positive electrode for luminous arc lamps7 composed of an ironthimble shell, an iron stern axially extending from-the shell throughthe thimble end, an anchor-foot formed on the stem located Within theshellE and a copper core filling the shell and cold Welded to the innerpart of the same and to the foot of the stem.

ln Witness whereof, l have hereunto sei; my hand -this 23rd day ofSeptember, .191201.

' CROFJWEM. A. HLVRSN, jr.

